In the DCL technology, coal is converted to liquid by adding hydrogen at high pressure and temperature. Various DCL technologies have been developed in last hundred years such as Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)I and SRCII, Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS), HCoal and catalytic twostage liquefaction (CTSL) [7], [8], [9], [10].
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Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ].
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The main examples of indirect liquefaction methods for converting biomass to liquid fuel employ synthesis gas as their feedstock. The majority of these processes were originally developed for the conversion of coal and natural gas to liquid products. Technically, however, they should work equally well using synthesis gas produced from oxygen gasification.
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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Coal Liquefaction Technology and Status ... Coal Conversion Processes Carbonization and Pyrolysis Low severity (mild gasification) High temperature Direct Liquefaction ... Shenhua DCL Process ; Miller EIA 2007 03/28/07 Department of Energy ; 15 ;
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catalyst in the DCL of Shenhua coal at 400 °C. and MPa H. 2. resulted in a coal conversion and (gas + oil) yield, up to % and %, respectively, much higher than those obtained with FeS ...
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
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The decomposition process in coal liquefaction is consisting of pyrolysis, solvent extraction and liquefaction processes directly or indirectly [2] [3][4]. The pyrolysis reaction is a complex ...
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ICL includes two steps; in the first step, coal is converted into syngas ( Coal+H2OCO+H2), and during the last step, syngas is synthesized in the presence of a catalyst into liquid fuels.
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The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
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For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 57%wt. When an external catalyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].DCL process concepts have been based on a variety of ...
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Keywords: direct coal liquefaction (DCL); processes; influencing factors; coal pretreatment; catalysts; coliquefaction; biomass 1. Introduction Due to the rapid increase in demand for petroleum and its declining reserves, the concern over energy security has intensified the interest in coal liquefaction, especially for those countries which are
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In recent years, the liquefaction potential of coals has been investigated to increase the yield of coal conversion processes and the quality of liquid fuels obtained from coal. However, the liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials known as coliquefaction has not been developed in Malaysia.
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To meet future demand in motor fuels, coal will play a key role in areas with large coal resources and lacking crude oils. Axens' direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process is available to produce ...
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The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC), in partnership with the Department of Energy (DOE) and Accelergy Corporation, an advanced fuels developer with technologies exclusively licensed from ExxonMobil, undertook Subtask to design, build, and preliminarily operate a benchscale direct coal liquefaction (DCL) system capable of converting 45 pounds/hour of pulverized, dried ...
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The liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials, which is known as "Coliquefaction", has not been developed in Malaysia. The yields and quality (especially H/C ratio) of the liquid products obtained from coal under less severe liquefaction conditions (at lower temperature and pressure) can be improved with coliquefaction of coal ...
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Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
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To improve the performance of megaton direct coal liquefaction (DCL) technology that has been practiced in China since 2008 and to develop a better technology that can be operated at milder conditions with high efficiency, this work studies coal conversion (X C), products yield (Y i) and hydrogen consumption (R H) of SW coal (H/C = ) used in the megaton plant and NMH coal of a higher H/C ...
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Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
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The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for catalytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 catalyst ...
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The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
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For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 57% wt. When an external catalyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].In slurry hydrogenation processes, catalyst lifetime is ...
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In this process, coal with moderate amount of biomass is converted into syncrude through reaction with Hdonor solvent and gaseous hydrogen in a catalytic twostage liquefaction unit.
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oaltoliquids (TL) technology enables conversion of abundant coal into valuable liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Methods include indirect conversion (coal to syngas, which can be converted to liquid hydrocarbons) or direct conversion (by various direct coal liquefaction methods).
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A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a catalyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily ... A kinetic model for the liquefaction processes based on these observations is introduced. ... Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. https://doi ...
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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Fingerprint Abstract This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated, increasing the hydrogentocarbon ratio and preventing retrogressive reactions.
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This article is cited by 42 publications. Tengfei Yang, Congcong Liu, Wenan Deng, Chuan Li, Liyong Gan, Qingshan Niu. Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an OilSoluble NiFe Catalyst Applied in the Coliquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue.
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Generally, Fig. 1 shows the distinct difference between the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Importantly, DCL consists of many steps for the conversion of coal to PA (preasphaltenes) and AS (asphaltenes), and subsequently to gas, oil, and residue [60]. Download : Download highres image (180KB) Download : Download fullsize image ...
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The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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Coal. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) are the two prominent processes for coaltomethanol conversion. DCL primarily involves thermal breaking of the polymeric coal structure at elevated temperatures with subsequent hydrogenation of the fragments to generate lighter molecules.
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing ... [18], [19]. In addition, utilization of biomass in the DCL process can reduce the external hydrogen demand in ... the carbon footprint of the energy conversion processes can be reduced by adding biomass and applying CCS technologies at the ...
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Coal liquefaction conversion to tetralinsoluble products was determined by changes in ash content in the partially reacted coal relative to that of the unreacted coal. ... A Novel Process of Biomass Gasification for HydrogenRich Gas with Solid Heat Carrier: Preliminary Experimental Results. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and ...
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