When considering the development of coal liquefaction process using syngas, in addition to the above typical processes, hydrothermal liquefaction process is a technology worthy of reference. Hydrothermal liquefaction [110], [111], [112] is an effective and emerging technology that can convert both coals and biomass containing high moisture ...
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Abstract. The hydrogentransfer reactions that occur during coal liquefaction reactions are essential for the conversion of intractable coal molecules into liquids and soluble products. Virtually all the practical processes for coal liquefaction, such as the solventrefined Coal II process, (1) the Exxon donorsolvent process, (2) the ...
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Coal resources have been used to produce liquid transportation fuels by several process routes collectively referred to as coal liquefaction or, more generally stated, as coal to liquids (CTL). Early records of coal conversion to liquid fuel date to 1913 and an extraction process developed by Friedrich Bergius in Germany [ 7 ].
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liquefaction in the early 1900s. In 1925, Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch used an indirect liquefaction process, which still bears their name, to produce excellent transportation fuels. Germany had 25 liquefaction plants that, at their peak in 1944, produced more than 124,000 barrels daily and met 90 percent of the nation's needs.
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All direct coal liquefaction methods, such as HCoal, SolventRefined Coal, and Exxon Donor Solvent processes, are alike in one principal point: coal is thermally solubilized with certain solvents, usually coalderived, with or without catalysts. If heated in a proper liquid for a short time, most of the coal dissolves.
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water, boiler feed water, and cooling water. Process water is used in the liquefaction process and often plays a part in chemical reactions. Boiler feed water is used to produce steam, and much of it is recovered and returned to the boiler. Cooling is typically done using circulating water. Cooling water loss is often the most significant factor.
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Liquefaction. In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a nonliquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction ...
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also routes for direct conversion of coal into liquids (, direct coal liquefaction [DL]) involving reaction of coal at high pressures and temperatures with hydrogen (H 2 ) in the presence of solvents and catalysts, yielding synthetic crude oil that can be refined into liquid fuels.
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Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
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The beginning of the history of synthetic fuels dates to 1913 when the first process of direct coal liquefaction (DLC) by mean of hydrogenation was patented in Germany by the chemist Friedrich ...
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were ever built or operated for direct coal liquefaction. It was reported that the four major operating coal liquefaction pilot plants in the US all experienced problems including severe equipment The commercial Shenhua plant will be a significant step in determining the viability of the direct liquefaction process route.
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of this study are that an opencycle CO2 process will o er lowest energy consumption below 20 C cooling temperature and that over the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 C, the minimum energy consumption for all liquefaction process rises by around 40%. Keywords: CO2; liquefaction; CCUS; optimization; ambient temperature 1. Introduction
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•Brown Coal Liquefaction (BCL) Process NEDO •Amoco CC TSL Process •Supercritical Gas Extraction (SGE) Process British Coal •MITI Mark I and Mark II CoProcessing •Cherry P Process Osaka Gas Co. •Solvolysis CoProcessing Mitsubishi •Mobil CoProcessing
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Request PDF | Novel Use of Residue From Direct Coal Liquefaction Process | Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) is, commonly, designed to be used as a feed stock for gasification or combustion.
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... The organic phase is made up of macerals, viz., vitrinite (derived from lignin and contain high volatile constituents), exinite (derived from algae, resin and spore, and volatile) and...
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The fuels considered include high and low sulfur bituminous coals, lignite, anthracite, the products of various coal gasification, liquefaction, and solvent refining processes, coal loaded with ...
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In principle, the process of coal liquefaction involves chemical compounds which also occur in other carbochemical or petrochemical processes. It is well known that a number of these substances may be carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic. The concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in coal liquefaction products can be between 50 and 60 μg g −1.
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Coal liquefaction is the process of converting solid coal into liquid fuel. This process has been developed as a means to utilize coal resources that are otherwise difficult to access and transport. The resulting liquid fuel, called synthetic crude oil, can be refined into a variety of fuels, including diesel, gasoline, and aviation fuel.
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Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
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A twostage direct liquefaction process is designed to give distillate products via two reactor stages in series. The primary function of the first stage is coal dissolution and is operated either without a catalyst or with only a lowactivity disposable catalyst. The heavy coal liquids produced in this way are hydrotreated in the second stage ...
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Process. The Exxon donor solvent process is a noncatalytic processing of solventslurried coal in a highpressure liquefaction reactor. Coal is cleaned, crushed and fed to the slurry dryer, where water is removed. The dry crushed coal is slurried with the hydrogen donor recycle solvent. The coal slurry is treated with hydrogen and heated in a ...
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Coal gasification can be an enabler for the polygeneration concept Direct coal liquefaction is highly coal specific and very costly due to severe process conditions Due to its advantages, particularly the suitability for low grade and low rank coal, the ®FBDBTM gasification technology will continue to play a
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synthetic coalbased oil process with indirect coal liquefaction technology and a synthetic ammonia process (Xie et al. 2010). The primary steps include pressurized gasication to produce synthesis gas (or syngas), gas purication, FischerTropsch (FT) synthesis to produce dierent liquid fuels and oil processing (Xie et al. 2010).
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